Today, it is widely accepted that climate change presents the most acute challenge facing humanity. New research methods and modelling strategies are urgently required if scientific approaches to mitigating climate change are to be found. This book focuses on modelling and methods, collecting contributions from renowned climate scientists, and focusing strongly on real-world contexts and applications. The first part considers aspects of climate variability, such as the impact of atmospheric variability on soil-moisture precipitation coupling and the influence of wind stress on ocean volume and heat transports. The second part focuses on modelling. Topics discussed include the tropical channel model, stochastic forcing in climate models, advances in streamflow prediction and the modelling of freezing and thawing of soil layers. In the third part, research methods and technologies for adaption and mitigation are reviewed. Topics examined include generation of land surface emissivity maps, energy technology learning, planning for species conservation, and increasing land surface albedo as an adaption and mitigation option. The chapters are supported by reviews of the relevant literature, ensuring that the book is both a source of up-to-date knowledge and a starting point for new research in this crucial area.
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